The template function is_restricted_rs() is only intended to provide information on the current content result set.
There are currently no simple API wrapper functions. You could achieve your goals via:
global $scoper;
$default_restrictions = $scoper->get_default_restrictions(TERM_SCOPE_RS);
$restrictions = $scoper->get_restrictions(TERM_SCOPE_RS, 'category');
The main complication is that if you have any default category restrictions set, get_restrictions() will return category-specific restrictions and unrestrictions.
I haven't made the time to document those functions much. Want to help? If you put this in your wp-config.php:
define('RS_DEBUG', 'true');
… then you can use dump( $restrictions ) to conveniently view the contents of the get_restrictions() output.